Ubuvuzi bwamatungo ibikoresho fatizo bitangiza izamuka ryibiciro, kandi ibiciro byibyo bicuruzwa biziyongera!

Kuva hagati kugeza hagati ya Nzeri, kubera ingaruka z’ifaranga mpuzamahanga, ibiciro by’ibiribwa n’ibikoresho bifasha byakomeje kwiyongera, gukoresha ingufu z’imbere mu gihugu “kugenzura kabiri”, ubugenzuzi bwo kurengera ibidukikije, ndetse n’ubushobozi buke bw’uruganda bwabaye yibasiwe nimpamvu nyinshi, bivamo ibiciro bikurikirana byimiti yamatungo.Kuzamuka, ari na byo byatumye izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa by’amatungo bifitanye isano.Tuzatoranya imirenge izamuka hamwe nibicuruzwa bitegura ibiciro bishobora kuzamuka nababikora kuburyo bukurikira:

1. β-lactam

(1) Umunyu winganda wa potasiline potasiyumu wiyongereye cyane, kandi igiciro cyiyongereyeho hejuru ya 25% ugereranije nigihe kimwe cyumwaka ushize;ibikoresho fatizo no gutegura sodium ya penisiline (cyangwa potasiyumu) ​​nabyo byazamutse ku ntera nini.), usibye kwiyongera gukabije kw'igiciro cy'ibikoresho fatizo kuri iki gicuruzwa, igiciro cy'amacupa apakira nacyo cyazamutse ku rugero runaka.Kubwibyo, ibiciro byahoze muruganda byibicuruzwa bizabona kwiyongera cyane.

(2).Ifu ya 10% na 30% ya amoxicillin soluble yamashanyarazi ikorwa n’abakora imiti y’amatungo ni kimwe mu bicuruzwa bikunze kuvugwa n’abacuruzi n’abahinzi, kandi igiciro cy’iki gicuruzwa kizamuka hejuru ya 10%.

.Ibiciro byiyi myiteguro itatu yo gutera inshinge byakozwe nabakora imiti yamatungo barashobora kwiyongera.

2. Aminoglycoside

(1) Igiciro cyibiciro bya streptomycine sulfate irakomeye, hamwe no kwiyongera runaka.Imyiteguro yuwabigizemo uruhare irimo ahanini miriyoni 1 cyangwa miliyoni 2 zatewe inshinge.Mubyongeyeho, igiciro cyamacupa yapakira nacyo kizamuka, kandi ababikora birashoboka cyane kuzamura igiciro cyubwoko bwibicuruzwa.

.sulfate ya apramycine yazamutseho gato, mugihe igiciro cya sulfate ya gentamicin cyari gihagaze neza.Imyiteguro yakozwe nuwabigizemo uruhare ni: 10% ifu ya kanamycin sulfate ifata, 10% yatewe na kanamycin sulfate, 6.5% na 32.5% ifu ya elegitoronike ya neomycine, 20% yatewe na sulfate ya apramycine, 40% na 50% ya sulfate ya apramycine sulfate, 16.5% , ibiciro byibisobanuro byavuzwe haruguru birashobora kwiyongera kurenza 5%.

3. Tetracycline na Chloramphenicol

.Ibiciro fatizo bya oxytetracycline, oxytetracycline hydrochloride, na hydrochloride ya chlortetracycline nabyo byazamutseho hejuru ya 8%.Imyiteguro ijyanye n’abakora imiti y’amatungo: nka 10% na 50% ya doxycycline hydrochloride ifu ya soluble, 20% ya doxycycline hydrochloride ihagarikwa, 10% na 20% ya oxytetracycline, 10% oxytetracycline hydrochloride ifu yumuti Ibiciro byibindi bicuruzwa bishobora kwiyongera kurenza 5 %.Ibicuruzwa bimwe bya tablet nabyo bizabona izamuka ryibiciro runaka.

(2) Florfenicol ni imiti isanzwe yimiti mu bworozi n’inkoko.Muri Nzeri, igiciro cya florfenicol cyazamutse gitunguranye kubera izamuka ritunguranye ry'igiciro cy'abahuza.Ikintu cya mbere gishyushye.Niyo mpamvu nyine ari yo mpamvu abakora imiti y’amatungo batazamuye ibiciro byahoze mu ruganda hejuru ya 15% gusa, ndetse n’ababikora bamwe na bamwe bahatiwe guhagarika umusaruro w’imyiteguro ijyanye n’ubwiyongere bukabije bw’ibikoresho fatizo cyangwa ibura ry’ibikoresho fatizo. .Ibicuruzwa birimo birimo: 10%, 20%, 30% ifu ya florfenicol, ifu ya florfenicol, hamwe ninshinge zirimo ibintu bimwe.Imyiteguro yose yavuzwe haruguru izagira ibiciro byiyongera.

4. Makrolide

Ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo nka tivancin tartrate, tilmicosine, tilmicosine fosifate, tylosine tartrate, tiamulin fumarate, na erythromycin thiocyanate byose byiyongereye ku buryo butandukanye, hiyongereyeho 5% ~ 10% hafi.Ibicuruzwa byabigizemo uruhare nka 10%, 50% ya tylosine ya tylosine cyangwa tylosine ya tylosine yifu ya elegitoronike, hamwe nindi myiteguro myinshi ijyanye nibikoresho, birashoboka ko izamuka ryibiciro 5% kugeza 10%.

5. Quinolone

Igiciro cyibikoresho fatizo nka enrofloxacin, hydrochloride ya enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin lactate, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, na hydrochloride ya sarafloxacin yiyongereyeho 16% kugeza kuri 20%.Ibi byose nibisanzwe birwanya anti-bagiteri na anti-inflammatory.Hano hari umubare munini wibicuruzwa byateguwe, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubiciro byimiti munganda zubuhinzi bwamafi.Kurugero: 10% enrofloxacin hydrochloride, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, sarafloxacin hydrochloride ifu ya elegitoronike, hamwe nogutegura ibisubizo byibintu bimwe, igiciro cyahoze muruganda muri rusange kizamuka hejuru ya 15%.

6. Sulfonamide

Sodadiazine sodium, sodium ya sulfadimethoxine, sodium ya sulfachlordazine, sodium ya sulfaquinoxaline, hamwe na synergiste ditrimethoprim, trimethoprim, lakate ya trimethoprim, nibindi, byose byarazamutse kandi birenga 5% cyangwa birenga.Ibicuruzwa birimo uruhare nka porojeri ya elegitoronike no guhagarikwa (ibisubizo) hamwe 10% na 30% bikubiye mubintu byavuzwe haruguru hamwe nibisanzwe byigihugu bihuza imyiteguro irashobora gukomeza kugira ibiciro byiyongera.

7. Parasite

Ibikoresho fatizo bya diclazuril, totrazuril, praziquantel, na hydrochloride ya levamisole byiyongereye ku buryo butandukanye, muri byo ibikoresho fatizo bya totrazuril na hydrochloride ya levamisole byiyongereyeho hejuru ya 5%.Ibiri mubicuruzwa byateguwe bigira uruhare mubintu byavuzwe haruguru biri hasi gato, kandi hari umwanya muto wo kwiyongera.Biteganijwe ko abakora imiti yubuvuzi bwamatungo batazahindura ibiciro byahoze muruganda byimyiteguro ijyanye nayo.Itangwa ryibikoresho fatizo bya albendazole, ivermectin na abamectin birahagije, kandi igiciro kirahagaze neza, kandi ntihazabaho ihinduka ryizamuka mugihe kiri imbere.

8. Imiti yica udukoko

Kuva ikamba rishya ryatangira, iyode, glutaraldehyde, benzalkonium bromide, umunyu wa amonium wa kane, ibicuruzwa birimo chlorine (nka sodium hypochlorite, dichloro cyangwa sodium trichloroisocyanurate), fenol, nibindi, byazamutse cyane.By'umwihariko, igiciro cya soda ya caustic (sodium hydroxide) yikubye inshuro zirenga eshatu mu mezi atandatu gusa uyu mwaka.Mu gihembwe cya kane cy'uyu mwaka, kubera gushimangira ingamba zo gukumira no kugenzura amakamba mashya, kugenzura ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukoresha ingufu, kugenzura ibidukikije, ifaranga mpuzamahanga, no kuzamuka muri rusange kw'ibikoresho fatizo, ubu bwoko bw'ibikoresho bisanzwe byangiza indwara bizongera gutangira. kuzamuka kwuzuye, cyane cyane birimo chlorine na iyode.Imyiteguro, nk'umuti wa iyode ya povidone, umuti wa kane wa ammonium umunyu w’umunyu wa iyode, sodium dichloride cyangwa ifu ya trichloroisocyanurate, nibindi byazamutseho hejuru ya 35%, kandi biracyakomeza, kandi harabura ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bibisi.Ndetse acide organic na surfactants zitandukanye zifite ingaruka zimwe na zimwe za antibacterial nazo zabonye ubwiyongere bugaragara.Igiciro cyo gupakira plastike nacyo cyiyongereyeho hejuru ya 30%, bituma izamuka ryibiciro byibicuruzwa byarangiye.

9. Antipyretic na analgesic

Igiciro cya Analgin cyiyongereyeho hejuru ya 15% umwaka ushize, naho igiciro cya acetaminofeni cyiyongereyeho hejuru ya 40% umwaka ushize.Flunixin meglumine na karuboneptide calcium byombi byazamutse cyane, kandi igiciro cya sodium salicylate nacyo cyahindutse hejuru.Ibicuruzwa birimo birimo imyiteguro yo gutera inshinge nyinshi kandi zikoreshwa cyane.Mubyongeyeho, kwiyongera mubikoresho byo gupakira muri uyu mwaka nabyo ni byinshi mu mateka.Ibiciro byahoze muruganda byibicuruzwa bijyanye nibicuruzwa biziyongera cyane.Kandi amahirwe yo gukosorwa gukomeye mugihe gito ntabwo bishoboka, birasabwa rero kubika mbere.

Usibye kuzamuka gukabije mu byiciro icyenda byavuzwe haruguru by'ibikoresho fatizo, mu mezi atandatu gusa, abahuza imiti itandukanye ya chimique nka acide fosifori yazamutse inshuro nyinshi, aside formike yazamutse hafi inshuro ebyiri, aside nitric na aside sulfurike yazamutse cyane hejuru ya 50%, na sodium bicarbonate yazamutse hejuru ya 80%.%, isoko yo gupakira amakarito afite icyerekezo cyo kuzamuka, ndetse nibikoresho bya PVC byazamutse hafi 50%.Ku bijyanye n'ibihe turimo, ikibazo cy’amafaranga gikomeje gukwirakwira ku isi, kandi ibintu byinshi ntibiteganijwe.Isesengura ryuzuye ryerekana ko hamwe n’intege nke cyangwa zihoraho z’uruhande rusabwa ku isoko, ubushobozi bwo gusya bwa nyuma bw’inganda z’amafi buragabanuka, kandi icyifuzo kiragabanuka mu gihe ubushobozi bw’umusaruro bugenda bwiyongera bitewe n’inyungu zunguka.Mugusoza, igitutu cyisoko cyisoko kizagaruka kumasoko y'uruganda no kwiyongera mubyiciro byambere.Ibikoresho byihuta cyane birashobora kugabanuka mugihembwe cya mbere nicyakabiri cyumwaka, ariko ntibibujijwe ko igice gito cyibikoresho fatizo bizakomeza guhindagurika kurwego rwo hejuru kubera impamvu zidasanzwe kuruhande rutanga umusaruro nisoko .